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(DRIVERS AND BARRIERS OF CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION OF REMANUFACTURED MO\
BILE)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(PHONES: A STUDY ON INDONESIAN CONSUMERS Didik Wahjudi Department of Mech\
anical)Tj
T*
(Engineering, Petra Christian University, Surabaya 60236 Indonesia, E-mai\
l: dwahjudi@petra.ac.id Shu-san)Tj
T*
(Gan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Petra Christian University, Su\
rabaya 60236 Indonesia, E-mail:)Tj
T*
(gshusan@petra.ac.id Yopi Yusuf Tanoto Department of Mechanical Engineeri\
ng, Petra Christian University,)Tj
T*
(Surabaya 60236 Indonesia, E-mail: yopi.tanoto@petra.ac.id Jerry Winata D\
epartment of Mechanical)Tj
T*
(Engineering, Petra Christian University, Surabaya 60236 Indonesia, E-mai\
l: m24414051@petra.ac.id)Tj
T*
(ABSTRACT The ever-increasing waste electrical and electronic equipment \(\
WEEE\) motivates industries to)Tj
T*
(perform closed-loop supply chain \(CLSC\). Remanufacturing, one form of \
CLSC, has been widely practiced)Tj
T*
(especially in developed countries. In addition to landfill reduction, re\
manufacturing also saves energy and)Tj
T*
(conserves natural resources. While several studies have been devoted to \
evaluate its business and)Tj
T*
(technical aspects, little effort is given to explore the acceptance of r\
emanufactured short life-cycle products)Tj
T*
(such as mobile phone. Mobile phone encounters functional and psychologic\
al obsolescence. As a country)Tj
T*
(with the fourth largest mobile phone users in the world, Indonesia needs\
to tackle the vast waste electrical)Tj
T*
(and electronic equipment \(WEEE\) that comes from obsolete mobile phones\
. This study investigates the)Tj
T*
(drivers and barriers of consumer purchase intention of remanufactured mo\
bile phones. A case study was)Tj
T*
(conducted through in-depth interviews with thirteen respondents. These r\
espondents represented different)Tj
T*
(age groups, gender, and social classes. Two key drivers of consumer purc\
hase intention are affordable)Tj
T*
(price and upgraded specification. Among the main barriers are the regula\
tory concern, trend concern, and)Tj
T*
(obsolescence concern. Depending on the level, perceived quality and qual\
ity assurance can be either)Tj
T*
(drivers or barriers. The implication of this study is that mobile phone \
remanufacturers should focus on)Tj
T*
(providing phones with upgraded specification at an affordable price and \
to provide consumer information)Tj
T*
(about the remanufacturing process. This study also emphasizes the urgenc\
y for the government to impose)Tj
T*
(strict regulation that protects consumers from counterfeit products. Key\
words: remanufacturing, mobile)Tj
T*
(phone, short life-cycle product, case study, Indonesia 1. INTRODUCTION R\
emanufacturing has been)Tj
T*
(identified as a good solution to the depletion of energy reserves and na\
tural resources. In addition to the)Tj
T*
(reduction of energy and virgin material consumption, remanufacturing als\
o reduces landfill and increases)Tj
T*
(profitability \(Ijomah et al., 2007\). The literature suggests remanufac\
turing practices are suitable for high)Tj
T*
(value, durable, and technologically stable products \(Lund, 1984\). A mo\
bile phone is a short life-cycle and)Tj
T*
(relatively low-value product \(Franke et al., 2006\). However, the rapid\
generation of WEEE caused by the)Tj
T*
(use of mobile phone presents a challenging problem. Geyer and Blass \(20\
10\) identify that mobile phone)Tj
T*
(users are more likely to reuse the handsets than to recycle them. Given \
the option to remanufacture them, it)Tj
T*
(is interesting to examine whether users will be more interested to reman\
ufacture their end-of-life mobile)Tj
T*
(phones or to reuse them. Remanufacturing develops into a very big busine\
ss in the USA and some)Tj
ET
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(for Quality Control, 14 \(2\), 147-156. Lund, R. T. 1984. Remanufacturin\
g: The Experience of the United)Tj
ET
Q
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0 scn
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(States and Implications for Developing Countries. World Bank Technical P\
aper. Washington, DC: World)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(Bank. Michaud, C. & Llerena, D. 2011. Green Consumer Behaviour: An Exper\
imental Analysis of)Tj
T*
(Willingness to Pay for Remanufactured Products. Business Strategy and th\
e Environment, 20 \(6\), 408\226420.)Tj
T*
(Parker, D., Riley, K., Robinson, S., Symington, H., Tewson, J., Jansson,\
K., Ramkumar, S. & Peck, D. 2015.)Tj
T*
(Remanufacturing Market Study. Aylesbury, United Kingdom: European Remanu\
facturing Network. Rathore,)Tj
T*
(P., Kota, S. & Chakrabarti, A. 2011. Sustainability through Remanufactur\
ing in India: A Case Study on)Tj
T*
(Mobile Handsets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19 \(15\), 1709-1722. Va\
n Weelden, E., Mugge, R. &)Tj
T*
(Bakker, C. 2016. Paving the Way Towards Circular Consumption: Exploring \
Consumer Acceptance of)Tj
T*
(Refurbished Mobile Phones in the Dutch Market. Journal of Cleaner Produc\
tion, 113, 743-754. Wahjudi, D.,)Tj
T*
(Gan, S.-S., Anggono, J. & Tanoto, Y. Y. 2018. Factors Affecting Purchase\
Intention of Remanufactured)Tj
T*
(Short Life-Cycle Products. International Journal of Business and Society\
, 19 \(2\), x-y. Wang, Y. & Hazen, B.)Tj
T*
(T. 2016. Consumer Product Knowledge and Intention to Purchase Remanufact\
ured Products. International)Tj
T*
(Journal of Production Economics, 181 \(Part B\), 460-469. Wang, Y., Wieg\
erinck, V., Krikke, H. & Zhang, H.)Tj
T*
(2013. Understanding the Purchase Intention Towards Remanufactured Produc\
t in Closed-Loop Supply)Tj
T*
(Chains-an Empirical Study in China. International Journal of Physical Di\
stribution & Logistics Management,)Tj
T*
(43 \(10\), 866-888. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)Tj
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(available in Dutch market do not have upgraded features. This study also\
identifies the importance of strict)Tj
ET
Q
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0 scn
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(and clear regulation that can protect the rights of consumers. This fact\
or is not really emphasized in the)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(study of van Weelden et al. \(2016\). Perhaps the fear of counterfeit pr\
oducts is not as critical as in the)Tj
T*
(Indonesian market. 5. Conclusion, implications, and recommendations for \
future research This study aims to)Tj
T*
(identify drivers and barriers of consumer purchase intention of remanufa\
ctured mobile phones. Through in-)Tj
T*
(depth interviews with thirteen respondents, our study identifies upgrade\
d specification, affordable price, and)Tj
T*
(product warranty to be the drivers of consumer purchase intention of rem\
anufactured mobile phones, while)Tj
T*
(the regulatory concern, trend concern, and obsolescence concerns diminis\
h the purchase intention. High)Tj
T*
(perceived quality and high trust on process quality assurance improve th\
e consumer purchase intention, and)Tj
T*
(vice versa. This study also indicates that remanufactured mobile phones \
have a strong appeal to consumers)Tj
T*
(that focus on affordable price and upgraded features. Consumers that foc\
us on product newness will not be)Tj
T*
(interested to purchase remanufactured mobile phones. The managerial impl\
ication of this study is that)Tj
T*
(remanufacturer should focus on providing phones with upgraded specificat\
ion at an affordable price. The)Tj
T*
(other important thing for phone remanufacturer is to provide information\
on how the remanufacturing)Tj
T*
(process is done to their prospective consumers. The more familiar the co\
nsumers with the process, the)Tj
T*
(smaller their perceived risk will be, which in turn it will increase the\
ir purchase intention. It is very urgent that)Tj
T*
(the government impose strict regulation that protects consumers' rights.\
Otherwise, remanufacturing)Tj
T*
(business will not flourish in Indonesia. There are two research limitati\
ons that we identify. First, this study)Tj
T*
(was not conducted in the real market setting as in van Weelden et al. \(\
2016\). This is due to the unavailability)Tj
T*
(of real remanufactured mobile phones in Indonesia. Second, we do not cla\
im that the list of drivers and)Tj
T*
(barriers is exhaustive because we did not collect enough respondents unt\
il the list saturated. Our)Tj
T*
(recommendation for future research is to continue this study with a surv\
ey to identify the contribution of each)Tj
T*
(factor to the purchase intention. 6. References Atasu, A., Guide, V. D. \
R., Jr. & Van Wassenhove, L. N.)Tj
T*
(2010. So What If Remanufacturing Cannibalizes My New Product Sales? Cali\
fornia Management Review,)Tj
T*
(52 \(2\), 56-76. Central Intelligence Agency. 2016. The World Factbook: \
Telephones - Mobile Cellular)Tj
T*
([Online]. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. Available:)Tj
T*
(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/21\
51rank.html [Accessed 18 June)Tj
T*
(2018]. Chapman, A., Bartlett, C., Mcgill, I., Parker, D. & Walsh, B. 201\
0. Remanufacturing in the Uk: A)Tj
T*
(Snapshot of the Uk Remanufacturing Industry 2009. Lancaster, UK: Centre \
for Remanufacturing & Reuse.)Tj
T*
(Franke, C., Basdere, B., Ciupek, M. & Seliger, S. 2006. Remanufacturing \
of Mobile Phones\227Capacity,)Tj
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(Program and Facility Adaptation Planning. Omega, 34 \(6\), 562-570. Gaur\
, J., Amini, M., Banerjee, P. &)Tj
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(Gupta, R. 2015. Drivers of Consumer Purchase Intentions for Remanufactur\
ed Products: A Study of Indian)Tj
T*
(Consumers Relocated to the USA. Qualitative Market Research: An Internat\
ional Journal, 18 \(1\), 30-47.)Tj
T*
(Geyer, R. & Blass, V. D. 2010. The Economics of Cell Phone Reuse and Rec\
ycling. The International)Tj
T*
(Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 47 \(5\), 515-525. Guide, \
V. D. R., Jr. & Li, J. 2010. The)Tj
T*
(Potential for Cannibalization of New Products Sales by Remanufactured Pr\
oducts. Decision Sciences)Tj
T*
(Journal, 41 \(3\), 547-572. Guide, V. D. R., Jr. & Van Wassenhove, L. N.\
2009. The Evolution of Closed-Loop)Tj
T*
(Supply Chain Research. Operations Research, 57 \(1\), 10-18. Ijomah, W. \
L., Bennett, J. P. & Pearce, J.)Tj
T*
(1999. Remanufacturing: Evidence of Environmentally Conscious Business Pr\
actice in the Uk. First)Tj
T*
(International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse \
Manufacturing. Tokyo: IEEE)Tj
T*
(Conference Publications. Ijomah, W. L., Mcmahon, C. A., Hammond, G. P. &\
Newman, S. T. 2007.)Tj
T*
(Development of Robust Design-for-Remanufacturing Guidelines to Further t\
he Aims of Sustainable)Tj
T*
(Development. International Journal of Production Research, 45 \(18\), 45\
13\2264536. Jimenez-Parra, B., Rubio,)Tj
T*
(S. & Vicente-Molina, M.-A. 2014. Key Drivers in the Behavior of Potentia\
l Consumers of Remanufactured)Tj
T*
(Products: A Study on Laptops in Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85\
, 488-496. Kano, N., Seraku, N.,)Tj
T*
(Takahashi, F. & Tsuji, S.-I. 1984. Attractive Quality and Must-Be Qualit\
y. Journal of The Japanese Society)Tj
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(concern is with regard to the product regulation. She fears about buying\
used mobile phones, instead of the)Tj
ET
Q
BT
0 scn
/TT0 1 Tf
10.5 0 0 10.5 53.5 740.25 Tm
(remanufactured ones. Among respondents that express positive purchase at\
titude towards remanufactured)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(mobile phones, only five of them have the purchase intention when the re\
manufactured mobile phones)Tj
T*
(become available. Upgraded specification, affordable price, and product \
warranty improve the consumer)Tj
T*
(purchase intention, while the regulatory concern, trend concern, and obs\
olescence concern diminish the)Tj
T*
(purchase intention. Perceived quality and process quality assurance can \
improve or reduce the consumer)Tj
T*
(purchase intention. If the respondents have high perceived values and hi\
gh trust in the process quality)Tj
T*
(assurance, they will have strong purchase intention, and vice versa. Tab\
le 4. Mapping of respondents with)Tj
T*
(their purchase attitude, purchase intention, and their respective reason\
s Respondent Purchase attitude)Tj
T*
(Purchase intention Reasons C1 Interested No Quality assurance, regulator\
y concern C2 Interested Yes)Tj
T*
(Upgraded specification, affordable price, perceived quality C3 Intereste\
d Yes Affordable price, upgraded)Tj
T*
(specification C4 Interested No Perceived quality, quality assurance C5 I\
nterested No Perceived quality,)Tj
T*
(obsolescence concern C6 Interested Yes Upgraded specification, perceived\
quality C7 Interested No)Tj
T*
(Perceived quality, regulatory concern C8 Interested Yes Upgraded specifi\
cation, perceived quality, quality)Tj
T*
(assurance, affordable price C9 Not interested No Quality assurance, tren\
d concern C10 Interested Yes)Tj
T*
(Perceived quality, affordable price, product warranty C11 Interested No \
Regulatory concern, perceived)Tj
T*
(quality C12 Interested No Perceived quality, regulatory concern C13 Not \
interested No Perceived quality,)Tj
T*
(quality assurance, regulatory concern 4.3. Discussion of findings This s\
tudy aims to investigate the drivers)Tj
T*
(and barriers of consumer purchase intention of remanufactured mobile pho\
nes in Indonesia. The drivers can)Tj
T*
(be categorized into the economic benefit, quality benefit, social benefi\
t, and environmental benefit, while the)Tj
T*
(identified barriers are the economic risk, quality risk, and social risk\
. The main economic benefit is the)Tj
T*
(affordable price of remanufactured mobile phones. The main quality benef\
it that improves consumer)Tj
T*
(purchase intention is an upgraded specification. However, the contributi\
on of the above benefits will be)Tj
T*
(inadequate if the perceived quality and consumers' trust in process qual\
ity assurance are low. Furthermore,)Tj
T*
(respondents indicate regulatory concern, trend concern, and obsolescence\
concern are the main barriers for)Tj
T*
(consumer purchase intention of remanufactured mobile phones. Even though\
respondents acknowledge the)Tj
T*
(environmental benefit of remanufacturing, this benefit does not play a s\
ignificant role on the purchase)Tj
T*
(intention. Familiarity with remanufacturing, especially with remanufactu\
ring of mobile phones plays a crucial)Tj
T*
(role in developing purchase intention. In this study, there is big discr\
epancy among respondents in terms of)Tj
T*
(perceived quality and trust, which results in some respondents have adeq\
uate purchase intention and other)Tj
T*
(respondents do not have the intention to purchase remanufactured mobile \
phones. This finding is in line with)Tj
T*
(the finding of van Weelden et al. \(2016\) that claims product familiari\
ty reduces perceived risk in purchasing)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones. In addition, they claim users that have le\
ss confidence in their own)Tj
T*
(judgment about the product quality tend to perceive a higher level of ri\
sk. On the other hand, van Weelden)Tj
T*
(et al. \(2016\) identify warranty and service to be key determinants of \
the perceived risk-benefit balance when)Tj
T*
(considering a remanufactured mobile phone. Our study indicates product w\
arranty play a minor role in)Tj
T*
(purchasing decision. This difference may be caused by the different sett\
ings between our study and their)Tj
T*
(study. Their study is conducted in the Dutch market, where consumers can\
find real remanufactured)Tj
T*
(products, while our study is conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, where mos\
t people do not know what)Tj
T*
(remanufactured product is. The attractiveness of affordable price in thi\
s study is also in line with the study of)Tj
T*
(van Weelden et al. \(2016\). Their study indicates that the cheap price \
may have a detrimental impact as well,)Tj
T*
(in that the consumers equate the cheap price with low quality. In our st\
udy, the affordable price does not)Tj
T*
(have a strong impact on a certain group of consumers, especially those t\
hat focus on the trend. The other)Tj
T*
(finding that is not identified by van Weelden et al. \(2016\) is the imp\
act of the upgraded specification. Most of)Tj
T*
(our respondents identify upgraded specification, besides affordable pric\
e, as the main attraction of)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones. This difference may be caused by the fact \
that remanufactured phones)Tj
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10 36 592 730 re
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0 scn
/TT0 1 Tf
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(the older model is bulkier; People tend to follow the trend, models of m\
obile phone change quickly; 4.1.)Tj
ET
Q
BT
0 scn
/TT0 1 Tf
10.5 0 0 10.5 53.5 740.25 Tm
(Drivers of Purchase Intention of Remanufactured Mobile Phones There are \
four driving factors identified in)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(this study, i.e. environmental benefit, economic benefit, quality, benef\
it, and social benefit. Almost every)Tj
T*
(respondent mentions affordable price as the main driver for considering \
to purchase remanufactured mobile)Tj
T*
(phones. In addition to driving the purchase intention of remanufactured \
mobile phones, the affordable price)Tj
T*
(also provides stronger market competition to control the ever-increasing\
price of new mobile phones. Quality)Tj
T*
(benefit has four coded themes, i.e. upgraded specification, perceived qu\
ality, quality assurance, and product)Tj
T*
(warranty. Along with the affordable price, the upgradeable specification\
is the main attraction for purchasing)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones. Positive perceived quality and quality ass\
urance improve the purchase)Tj
T*
(intention, while product warranty can be considered as a basic factor as\
in the Kano model \(Kano et al.,)Tj
T*
(1984\). The existence of a product warranty is important to ensure servi\
ce reliability amid lack of confidence)Tj
T*
(in the product quality. Mobile phone remanufacturing provides a social b\
enefit because it allows consumers)Tj
T*
(from middle to lower middle classes to buy top brand mobile phones. "It \
creates a chance for the middle to)Tj
T*
(lower middle classes to buy the top brand mobile phones\224 These consum\
er segment usually looks for cheap)Tj
T*
(mobile phones that have good features and performance. In addition, most\
respondents indicate that)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones are suitable for Indonesia that has a vast \
population and majority of its)Tj
T*
(population is from the middle and lower middle classes. All respondents \
confirm the environmental benefit)Tj
T*
(that comes from the reduction of e-waste and conserves natural resources\
provided by mobile phone)Tj
T*
(remanufacturing. 4.2. Barriers of Purchase Intention of Remanufactured M\
obile Phones Economic risk,)Tj
T*
(quality risk, and social risk are the three risks identified through thi\
s study. Economic risk comes from)Tj
T*
(obsolescence concern and regulatory concern. Some respondents argue that\
the remanufactured mobile)Tj
T*
(phones may become obsolete quickly. This situation will cause scarcity o\
f replacement parts when their)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones need repair and replacement of parts. The o\
ther concern deals with regard)Tj
T*
(to the loose legal protection of consumers. In the absence of adequate l\
egal protection, consumers may)Tj
T*
(receive used mobile phones instead of the remanufactured ones, especiall\
y when they purchase from online)Tj
T*
(stores and unauthorized retailers. Quality risk consists of quality assu\
rance, perceived quality, and lack of)Tj
T*
(OEM\222s support. Several respondents express their doubts about the qua\
lity assurance of remanufactured)Tj
T*
(mobile phones. This is reinforced by the lack of support from mobile pho\
nes\222 producers. Respondents are)Tj
T*
(afraid that the remanufactured mobile phones do not have the promised qu\
ality, which is as good as new)Tj
T*
(products. This situation may be caused by the fact that remanufacturing \
is still very unfamiliar to many)Tj
T*
(Indonesians. The third kind of risk is the social risk. Several responde\
nts indicated that remanufactured)Tj
T*
(mobile phone is not a prestigious product. They argue that the middle an\
d upper-middle-class consumers)Tj
T*
(tend to be consumptive and very brand-conscious to show their prestige. \
Furthermore, lacks of)Tj
T*
(recommendation from friends and other influential people around them wil\
l preclude them from purchasing)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones. The fact that a mobile phone not only serv\
es as a communication device)Tj
T*
(but also serves as a fashion item, encourages mobile phone users to chan\
ge their mobile phones in order to)Tj
T*
(follow the trend. Guide and van Wassenhove \(2009\) claim that mobile ph\
one users change their devices)Tj
T*
(every year. Table 4 presents the mapping of each respondent with their p\
urchase attitude, purchase)Tj
T*
(intention, and the reasons. Out of thirteen respondents, only eleven of \
them have the interest to purchase)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones. The reasons why they do not have the inter\
est to purchase are low)Tj
T*
(perceived quality, low trust on quality assurance, trend concern, and re\
gulatory concern. Respondent C9 is)Tj
T*
(still unsure of the quality of remanufactured products because he is not\
familiar with this product. He also)Tj
T*
(thinks that remanufactured mobile phones are outdated because of the fas\
t changing trend of mobile phone)Tj
T*
(models. Respondent C13 is afraid to purchase a remanufactured mobile pho\
ne because: \223Remanufactured)Tj
T*
(mobile phones may fail again at any time and unrepairable\224 She also e\
xpresses concern about the process)Tj
T*
(quality assurance, whether the defective parts will be replaced by new p\
arts or partially repaired. The other)Tj
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(Upper Middle C5 > 22 years Female Middle C6 > 22 years Male Lower Middle\
C7 > 22 years Male Upper)Tj
ET
Q
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0 scn
/TT0 1 Tf
10.5 0 0 10.5 53.5 740.25 Tm
(Middle C8 > 22 years Male Middle C9 > 22 years Male Middle C10 )Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
29.736 0 Td
<0094>Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( 22 years Male Lower Middle C11 )Tj
/C2_0 1 Tf
15.723 0 Td
<0094>Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( 22)Tj
-45.459 -1.5 Td
(years Female Lower Middle C12 > 22 years Female Poor C13 > 22 years Fema\
le Upper Middle 4.)Tj
0 -1.5 TD
(RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The transcribed record was coded to identify the\
recurring themes. NVivo)Tj
T*
(software was used to analyze the patterns in the transcribed record. The\
resulted codes were discussed)Tj
T*
(with other research team members to improve reliability. There were eigh\
teen codes discovered in this)Tj
T*
(study. These eighteen codes were classified into four driving factors an\
d three inhibiting factors. The driving)Tj
T*
(factors with their supporting codes and respective quotations are given \
in Table 2. Table 3 gives the list of)Tj
T*
(inhibiting factors with theirs supporting codes and respective quotation\
s. Table 2. List of codes with their)Tj
T*
(respective quotation and resulted from driving factors No. Codes Quotati\
on from interviews Factors 1 Eco-)Tj
T*
(consciousness Remanufacturing reduces electronic waste; There are unique\
ness and pride in using)Tj
T*
(remanufactured products; Environmental Remanufacturing does not exploit \
the nature excessively; 2)Tj
T*
(Natural resources It conserves the environment sufficiently; Benefit con\
cern It supports the promotion of)Tj
T*
(green products; 3 Affordable price The price is more affordable; The pri\
ce is very low; We can have it at a)Tj
T*
(cheap price but it has the features of new phones; The price is affordab\
le, but the performance is almost the)Tj
T*
(same as the new ones; Economic Benefit 4 Market competition It\222s good\
for business competition because)Tj
T*
(mobile phones\222 price is increasing; 5 Upgraded specification The spec\
ification can be upgraded;)Tj
T*
(performance is better than the used ones; The specification is the most \
important; It has good features; It)Tj
T*
(has features of new phones at a cheap price; 6 Perceived quality The qua\
lity is still good, not much different)Tj
T*
(from the new one; The outside case is flawless; In terms of durability, \
it isn\222t much different from the new)Tj
T*
(ones; Other people cannot distinguish remanufactured [mobile phones from\
the new ones]; Quality Benefit 7)Tj
T*
(Quality assurance The product is repaired by a professional, so it can b\
e trusted; There is a quality)Tj
T*
(inspection, so it is more trusted; The remanufacturing is done by the fa\
ctory and it comes with a warranty, so)Tj
T*
(it is trusted; It has been officially fixed so it's should be reliable; \
8 Product warranty It is reliable because it)Tj
T*
(comes with a warranty; 9 Social expectation Very accommodating and suita\
ble for Indonesian people who)Tj
T*
(are looking for cheap mobile phones that have good features and performa\
nce; In Indonesia people are)Tj
T*
(prioritizing prices rather than trends; It is suitable for consumptive p\
eople who often change mobile phones;)Tj
T*
(It creates a chance for the middle to lower middle classes to buy the to\
p brand mobile phones; It is suitable)Tj
T*
(for Indonesia because it has many middle to lower middle-class people; S\
ocial Benefit Table 3. List of codes)Tj
T*
(with their respective quotation and resulted inhibiting factors No. Code\
s Quotation from interviews Factors 1)Tj
T*
(Obsolescence concern Replacement parts are unavailable because of obsole\
scence; 2 Regulatory concern)Tj
T*
(Fear of buying used mobile phones, not the remanufactured ones; I do not\
know the components inside,)Tj
T*
(good or not, original or counterfeit; Online stores may sell counterfeit\
products; I am afraid to buy it from an)Tj
T*
(unauthorized retailer; Economic Risk 3 Quality assurance I am not convin\
ced of the quality. Perhaps used)Tj
T*
(mobile phone has better quality; There is no trust in remanufactured pro\
ducts; I am afraid there is a broken)Tj
T*
(part that is not replaced by the new one, but it is repaired partially; \
I am afraid there is unrepaired damage; 4)Tj
T*
(Perceived quality I am afraid that the mobile phone fails and I need to \
go to the service center frequently;)Tj
T*
(The product may fail again and unrepairable; Product quality is not as e\
xpected; Not every part can be)Tj
T*
(upgraded; Electronic products have a limited lifespan; Quality Risk 5 La\
ck of OEM\222s support There is no)Tj
T*
(statement from the manufacturer that they support remanufacturing; 6 Pre\
stige concern There is a sense of)Tj
T*
(shame to buy a remanufactured mobile phone; It is more prestigious to bu\
y new mobile phone, even the)Tj
T*
(cheap one; Indonesian people tend to buy new HP and pursue prestige; Ind\
onesian people tend to be)Tj
T*
(consumptive and brand-conscious; 7 Subjective norm There isn\222t any fr\
iend that recommends)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phone; Social Risk 8 Public opinion The society\222\
s viewpoint and public confidence in)Tj
T*
(remanufactured mobile phones is still low; 9 Trend concern The model is \
outdated; Middle to upper-middle-)Tj
T*
(class people tend to follow the new model in terms of phone weight, size\
, etc.; Later model is much slimmer,)Tj
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