User’s Spectrum and Accessibility Level of Purabaya Bus Terminal, Indonesia

Tanuwidjaja, Gunawan and Laurens, Joyce Marcella User’s Spectrum and Accessibility Level of Purabaya Bus Terminal, Indonesia. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Gunawan Tanuwidjaja a , Joyce Marcella Laurens b, a Architecture Program Study, Petra Christian University, Indonesia, gunte@peter.petra.ac.id b Architecture Program Study, Petra Christian University, Indonesia Under Review of Journal Architectural Planning and Research japr@lockescience.com ABSTRACT The growing aging population in the World created awareness of accessible facilities for users with various abilities. Therefore, better inclusive planning and design of streets, paths, public spaces, and transportation systems are needed. Bus is the most chosen short-and-medium-distance transportation for Indonesian because of its affordable price and flexible timetable. But, most bus terminals are not accessible and this is the rationale of the research. Inclusive design could be a better answer to the problem. It is defined as "The design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people as reasonably possible without the need for special adaptation or specialised design." Purabaya Bus Terminal, is located in Waru, Sidoarjo, but serves Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia. The terminal serves approximately 24 millions of passengers annually or average of 56,440 daily passengers. The research was an exploratory accessibility evaluation of Purabaya Bus Terminal. The rationales were to understand the spectrum of Purabaya Terminal; to understand the inclusive users’ needs in Purabaya; to measure the accessibility level of Purabaya Terminal based on the 7 Universal Design. Firstly, Visual Research Method was employed to explore the users’ spectrum and collect data for the accessibility evaluation. Later on, analysis and users interview were conducted. The research scopes were limited to passengers-used-areas in the Purabaya Bus Terminal Normally, the human was categorised as disable and normal persons. But in the research, there are degrees of ability of the users observed. And the spectrum of Purabaya’ users were found very unique. In the visual survey in August - September 2011, three passengers’ spectrums were found in Purabaya Terminal. The 1st Spectrum was the group of persons with both hands carrying many heavy bags. The 1st Spectrum was not able to reach doors and needed larger movement spaces. The 2nd Spectrum was the group of persons whose one or both hands were free because they were not carrying luggage. The last Spectrum was the group of diffable (disabled) persons. Conclusively, 10% of passengers of 1st Spectrum could be categorised also as diffable because of reaching limitation as well as locomotion. Purabaya Terminal in General was found inaccessible by the Petra Christian University Team because it failed to fulfil Principle 1. Equitable Use; Principle 2. Flexibility in Use; Principle 5. Tolerance for Error; Principle 6. Low Physical Effort; and Principle 7. Size and Space for Approach and Use. On the other hand, some respondents considered it to be accessible. This was caused by the adaptation of passengers and the behaviour of travelling in group. Keywords: Accessibility, Inclusive Design, User Spectrum, Bus Terminal.

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