Urban mobility modeling to reduce traffic congestion in Surabaya: a system dynamics framework

Purpose
This paper addresses the urban mobility and traffic congestion problem under
environmental dynamics to improve mobility and reduce traffic congestion using system dynamics simulation and scenarios.

Design/methodology/approach
System dynamics simulation was used to analyze urban mobility and traffic congestion. Data were collected from the Transportation Department of Surabaya City. Several scenarios to improve urban mobility and reduce traffic congestion were developed by modifying the structures and parameters of the model.

Findings
Several factors influence urban mobility, including modal split, trip frequency, delay performance, and the ratio of public transport supply and demand. Urban mobility, daily traffic, and road capacity are some factors that affect traffic congestion. Scenarios can be designed based on the assumptions of the proposed strategy.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted at Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia, which is the fourth most congested city in the world. Practical implications
By implementing several strategies (MRT and BRT development and public transport delay
reduction), mobility performance is projected to be improved by 70.34-92.96%. With this increased mobility, traffic congestion is projected to decline by 52.5-65.8%.

Originality/value
The novel contributions of this research are: formulating relationships between
several variables, modeling dynamic behavior of urban mobility and traffic
congestion, and building scenario models to improve mobility and reduce traffic
congestion in Surabaya. With the increase in urban mobility and the decrease in
average daily traffic, traffic congestion could be reduced by a minimum of 57.6% and a maximum of 69%.