Hierarchy of End-of-use Options: Smartphones Reuse to Support Online Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This paper studied the hierarchy of end-of-use options for smartphones to support online learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The EOU options were first studied by reviewing relevant literature about e-waste in Indonesia and then a hierarchy of EOU options was drew up. Finally, integrating the result with the analysis from the literature review on the use of smartphones in online learning during the pandemic, we proposed a new hierarchy that could bridge the challenges in both aspects. As a result, it helps to reduce e-waste from used smartphones and at the same time helps underprivileged students to obtain smartphones for online learning.