Analisis Alih Peran Tokoh Punakawan dalam Cerita Pewayangan dengan Pendekatan Teori Dramaturgi Erving Goffman

Tanudjaja, Bing Bedjo (2025) Analisis Alih Peran Tokoh Punakawan dalam Cerita Pewayangan dengan Pendekatan Teori Dramaturgi Erving Goffman. [UNSPECIFIED]

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Abstract

Punakawan have a very long history, since the 12th century. Until now, Punakawan, who appear with distinctive physical facial characteristics, can appear as characters with various roles according to their era. Punakawan are characters created by Indonesian artists who can capture the hearts of the audience of performing arts in Indonesia, ranging from shadow puppet shows, wayang orang, to performances through television screens. The diversity of arts and culture in Indonesia makes the form and visual appearance of Punakawan in each research area different, such as in East Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and Cirebon. Each region has its uniqueness, both in visual appearance and meaning. This study analyzes the role transfer of Punakawan figures in puppet stories using Erving Goffmans dramaturgy theory approach. Punakawan characters, consisting of Semar, Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong, have unique roles as companions of knights as well as conveyors of social criticism. The research method used is qualitative analysis with a descriptive approach to various puppet plays that illustrate the flexibility of the Punakawan role. The results show that Punakawan not only functions as a complement in the wayang narrative but also as a link between the world of mythology and social reality. By utilizing humor and wisdom, Punakawan can switch roles to suit the situation, reflecting the concept of self-presentation in Goffmans theory. The findings confirm that Punakawan is a dynamic symbol of social communication that is relevant in various cultural contexts.

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