Optimization of the multi-objective green cyclical inventory routing problem using discrete multi-swarm PSO method

This study proposes a multi-objective green cyclic inventory routing problem (MOGCIRP) model to capture the influence of both transportation and inventory management toward cost and environmental issues. The proposed IRP considers single and multiple cyclic tours, handling time, and capacitated fleet with weight dependent fuel consumption to model more comprehensive logistics activities. A discrete multi-swarm particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a heuristic optimization are proposed to yield the Pareto set of MOCGIRP. Results show that inventory management activities contribute considerably (17–22%) to total cost and emission rate. Additionally, multiple tours performance is consistently better than single tour method.